• growth
• Electricity is the rising force among worldwide end-uses of energy, making up 40% of the rise in final consumption to 2040 - the same share of growth that oil took for the last twenty-five years.
• The growth in the demand for energy will slow from 8% per year in the 2000s to 1% per year in 2040.
• Technological advances that have enabled production from US shale oilfields to thrive will lead to growth of 8m barrels a day between 2010 and 2025.
• Growth in US oil output until 2025 will be the strongest seen by any country in the history of crude markets.
• By 2025, the growth in American oil production will equal that achieved by Saudi Arabia at the height of its expansion.
• The largest contribution to demand growth - almost 30% - comes from India, whose share of global energy use rises to 11% by 2040 (still well below its 18% share in the anticipated global population).
• India is expected to contribute almost 30% of the demand growth.
  
• demand
• Southeast Asia is another rising heavyweight in global energy, with demand growing at twice the pace of China.
• The growth in the demand for energy will slow from 8% per year in the 2000s to 1% per year in 2040.
• The level of UK gas storage relative to demand has dropped dramatically at a time when the geo-political risks to imports have increased significantly.
• An estimated five billion to seven billion square metres of glass surface in the United States could be used to meet 40 per cent of the country's energy demand.
• The world could meet approximately 12.5% of its energy demand with renewables by 2020.
• Global demand for energy is expected to climb about 25 percent higher in 2040 than it was in 2015.
• The automobile industry in the U.S. is projected to witness substantial growth over the next 8 years owing to the increasing demand for energy.
  
• consumption
• By 2021 electricity consumption from data networks could increase by as much as 70% or fall by up to 15%.
• Electricity is the rising force among worldwide end-uses of energy, making up 40% of the rise in final consumption to 2040 - the same share of growth that oil took for the last twenty-five years.
• Global coal consumption is expected to rise by 25 percent by the end of the decade to 4,500 million tonnes of oil equivalent.
• The world's energy demand will rise the equivalent of China and India's current energy consumption over the next three decades.
  
• battery
• 28 TWh for electric vehicle batteries will be deployed in 2060 in the two-degree scenario.
• The benefits that 26 million electric vehicle batteries could offer the UK grid are also startling.
• Post Lithium Ion batteries such as all-solid-state lithium batteries and metal air batteries are expected to take place in around 2030.
  
• energy
• Several countries have been setting up strategic roadmaps to support marine biotechnologies that could drive innovation and help address the global sustainability goals of food, energy, and health.
• Electricity is the rising force among worldwide end-uses of energy, making up 40% of the rise in final consumption to 2040 - the same share of growth that oil took for the last twenty-five years.
• The growth in the demand for energy will slow from 8% per year in the 2000s to 1% per year in 2040.
• Overall total investments in energy between 2016 and 2040 are expected to be around$ 60tn in "new policies".
• Global demand for energy is expected to climb about 25 percent higher in 2040 than it was in 2015.
• The world's second fastest-growing source of energy is projected to be nuclear power.
• The automobile industry in the U.S. is projected to witness substantial growth over the next 8 years owing to the increasing demand for energy.
• The global energy system will need to transform to net-zero emissions from energy not much later than around 2070.
• Oil will remain the world's largest source of energy in the next two decades.
• The annual global market for energy (or efficiency) as a service is expected to reach $221.1 billion by 2026.
• Non-OECD countries are expected to become less energy intensive than OECD countries by 2027.
  
• global car fleet
• By 2040, 54% of new car sales and 33% of the global car fleet will be electric vehicles.
• The global car fleet will double to reach two billion.
  
• price
• In recent auctions in India, the price of solar energy was 18% lower than the average price for electricity generated by coal-fired plants.
• Fuel stockpiles would start to expand again in the first half of 2018 and prices could fall below $60 again.
• Brent crude oil price will average at $52.4 per barrel in 2017 and increase to $54.1 per barrel in 2018 according to the most recent forecast from the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Short-Term Energy Outlook released monthly.
• At first glance, the forecasted global backdrop facing LatAm is rather constructive: global growth is projected to accelerate further in 2018 from the already-robust above-trend 2017 pace, global inflation is expected to remain contained, and industrial metal and energy prices are projected to firm.
  
• new car sales
• By 2040, 54% of new car sales and 33% of the global car fleet will be electric vehicles.
  
• market
• The annual global market for energy (or efficiency) as a service is expected to reach $221.1 billion by 2026.
• Growth in US oil output until 2025 will be the strongest seen by any country in the history of crude markets.
• The United States will be the undisputed leader of global oil and gas markets for decades to come.
• The global market for energy service companies (ESCOs) is expected to grow from $15 billion in 2017 to $30.8 billion in 2026.
  
• emission
• Trucks will lead to a significant increase in carbon dioxide emissions of nearly 900 MMt through 2050.
• Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from OECD countries are projected to be flat from 2015 to 2040 in the IEO2017 Reference case.
• China is currently the largest emitter of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the world and is projected to remain in that position through 2040.
• Energy-related CO 2 emissions from OECD countries are projected to be flat from 2015 to 2040 in the IEO2017 Reference case.
• The global energy system will need to transform to net-zero emissions from energy not much later than around 2070.

Questions

• How would a second industrial revolution society or country compete with one that has energy at zero marginal cost and driverless vehicles?
• What are the long-term implications of the energy shift for public transport?
• Has the future reach of solar energy been underestimated?

Possible solutions

Metrics

Energy supply is going to be transformed this century as renewables (especially solar) and nuclear power replace coal and gas as prime energy sources. And, on the demand side we can expect reductions in demand through smart everything, driverless cars and distributed energy.

In the next twenty years oil, coal and gas will continue to be dominant sources of supply but policy changes towards cleaner fuels will swing the pendulum around 2043.

Sectors
This new visual generated by Athena shows the huge interest in energy demand and supply from all sectors in 2017. Far higher than was the case in 2014.

Topic map
The topic map again shows that in the next twenty years oil, coal and gas will continue to be dominant sources of supply but policy changes towards cleaner, sustainable fuels will eventually significantly reduce their influence.

Heat map
Almost every other region in the world can be expected to adopt new energy technologies except in Greenland and parts of Africa. And so, the opportunity for global transformation will be dramatic in the energy sector by mid-century with many winners and losers.

Graphit:
In the short-term to 2021, the focus will be on reducing costs of energy in the construction of new buildings and maintenance of old ones, improving battery life and power and coping with the burgeoning power needs of connected devices, the Internet and increased consumption particularly in the developing world.